
Minimum Effective Concentration of Ropivacaine for Ultrasound-Guided RISS Block in VATS: A Biased Coin Design Approach
Introduction Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) as a minimally invasive technique in thoracic surgery can partially mitigate patient trauma. However, it fails to reduce the risk of postoperative pain.1 Recovery from thoracic surgery is often …